The indus valley civilisation -Tif knowledge

 

THE ANCIENT INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION

 

Foundation of Indus civilisation:

Not much is known of the pre-historic man India. Available evidence, however, suggest that at a family early period the use of iron, copper and others metals was widely prevalent in the Indian subcontinent which is indicative of the progress that this part of the world had made from Paleolithic ago to the comparatively developed from of culture by the end of the fourth millennium BC, India had emerged as a region of highly developed civilisation .

Indus valley civilisation:

The Indus valley civilisation, more precisely known as Harappa civilisation, flourished for quiet a long span of history. While the western historians are of the firm opinion that this civilisation occupied the period between 3000BC and 1500 BC, some of the Indian experts of ancient history believe that the Beginning of the civilisation dates back to 3250 BC. The area, extents and duration of this civilisation are still matters of controversy. Originally, it was thought that this civilisation was confined only to the Indus valley, but recent discoveries have established beyond doubt that it extended well into Rajasthan, Punjab , uttar Pradesh and the south of it into Gujrat and Maharashtra .

Nothing known of the Indus valley civilisation till 1922-23 when the archaeological Department of India carried out excavation in the Indus valley where in the ruins of two old cites , Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa were unearthed. Mohenjo, which in the local sindhi language means the Mound of the Dead, is a place in larkana district of Punjab provinces in Pakistan. The ruins of buildings and other things like household articles, implements, weapons of war, gold and silver ornaments, seals, toys, pottery wares etc., show that some four to five thousand years ago a highly developed civilisation flourished in this region. The Indus valley civilisation was basically an urban civilisation and the people lived in well-planned and well built towns which were also the centers of trade. The ruins of Mohenjo-Daro of trade.

The ruins of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa show that these were magnificent merchant cities well planned, scientifically laid and well looked after. They had wide roads and well developed drainage system. Residential houses were build on both sides of roads. These houses were made of baked bricks and had  two or more stoteys.

The highly civilised Harappa knew the art of growing cereals, and wheat (Tritium compactum variety) and barley constituted their staple food. They also consumed vegetables and fruits and ate mutton, pork and egg as well. Evidence also showed that they  wore cotton as well as woolen garments. Both men and women wore beautiful ornaments made of gold, silver, ivory, copper and precious stones. They enjoyed singing and dancing.

The Indus valley people are believed to have been worshipped of Mother Goddess and Shiva. Worship of tress, animals and stones also seems to have been quite common among them. By 1500 BC,  Hardpan culture came to an end. Among the various causes ascribed to the decay of Indus Valley Civilisation are the invasion of the Aryans, the recurrent floods  and others natural causes like earth quakes etc. However there is no unanimity among the historian on this questions.

Like Indus valley civilisation in Indian history there are many civilization’s ,eras etc. , many people think our Indian  history is more and difficult to learn but they are mistake if you understand Indian history it is much simple and easy now a days many competitive exams like IAS, IPS and groups etc. They given questions in our history. So kindly remind that it is very important. I hope you people are under my information if you have doubts let met known in comments, Thank you